Articles/Essays/Notes

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music 2 Jun 1983

Airship Over Occussi

Songs from 1983

Songs recorded "live" on a cheap cassette recorder at various locations in Fremantle, Western Australia during 1983 (or was it 1984?). The recording quality in all cases is extremely poor, but the spirit remains audible. These recordings marked the e…

article 1 Nov 1996

Haruskah Indonesia menggunakan Tenaga Nuklir?

Keinginan Indonesia untuk membangun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) menimbulkan kegelisahan di seluruh kawasan Asia Tenggara dan Australia. Pemerintah Indonesia sudah memesan beberapa studi kelayakan untuk pembangunan PLTN berkapasitas 1.800 …

note 17 Jan 1997

Hukum Agraria Indonesia

(Indonesian Land Law)

> (Universitas Gadjah Mada NIM 96/111909/EK/13500) Dalam pembahasan tentang sejarah Hukum Agraria Indonesia ada dua fase penting yang harus dipertimbangkan, yaitu fase sebelum September 1960, dan fase sesudah tanggal itu. Dalam fase sebelum September…

article 1 Sep 1997

Siapa yang pantas menjadi Presiden Indonesia Tahun Depan?

Satu Pandangan

Negara Indonesia adalah suatu negara besar kalau dilihat dari segi jumlah penduduknya. Catatan sejarah telah menunjukkan bahwa karena kekayaan alamnya yang besar telah menarik keinginan banyak bangsa asing untuk menguasai negara ini. Setelah 350 tahu…

essay 1 Dec 1997

Globalisasi, Kedaulatan Nasional dan Konflik Masa Depan

> (Universitas Gadjah Mada, NIM 96/111909/EK/13500) Yogyakarta, Desember 1997 Selama dasawarsa belakangan ini kata 'globalisasi' secara berangsur-angsur masuk ke dalam bahasa sehari-hari di negara-negara di seluruh dunia. Tetapi, apa sebenarnya artin…

gallery 1 May 1998

A few notes on my life in Yogyakarta, March-May 1998

Reformasi and the Fall of Soeharto

> The period March to May 1998 was an interesting time in Indonesian history. This journal reflects some of the things that happened in my life over this period. Some of it is perhaps rather too personal, but that was the nature of my encounter with …

essay 1 Jun 1998

Analysing the end of Suharto's Indonesia

The role of culture in Indonesian politics

The incantations and vocabulary of the new era are rapidly taking hold in Indonesia since the fall of Suharto and his New Order regime. KKN, reformasi and transparansi have replaced UUD'45, Pancasila and pembangunan as catchphrases of the emerging or…

gallery 1 Jul 1998

Rumahku Yogyakarta 1998

My house in Yogyakarta in 1998.

my merc 8-} oh, there's the merc again the back of my house in yogyakarta my laundry and water tanks and well wife. wife. again. there she is again. my tiger-proof house the road into my house. nother boring picture of my house, showing tiger-proof s…

note 1 Aug 1998

Some thoughts surrounding the Milgram Experiment

> "I like ideas about the breaking away or overthrowing of established order. I am interested in anything about revolt, disorder, chaos, especially activity that seems to have no meaning. It seems to me to be the road towards freedom." -- Jim Morriso…

note 1 Sep 1998

Karl Marx's The Origins and Development of Capitalism

a review

In 1867, a few years after the establishment of the International Working Men's Association, Karl Marx presented his thoughts on the emergence of capitalism in an essay entitled The Origins and Development of Capitalism, as part of his wider discussi…

essay 1 Oct 1998

Globalisation and the Nation-State

It is frequently alleged that the nation-state in the 1990's is at a precarious moment of history, poised to somehow inevitably disintegrate under the pressure of globalisation. It has been a mere decade since this word 'globalisation' started to inf…

essay 1 Jan 1999

The Importance and Consequences of Trade in Southeast Asia

until 1870

To trade is human. Like the ability to communicate abstract ideas, trade is one of those activities that differentiates Homo sapiens from the rest of the animal world. And trade is more than just a mere exchange of surplus; its social and political i…

essay 1 Jan 1999

The development and future of the nation-state

Humanity's political 'state of nature' has characteristically been defined in terms of small, nomadic family groups with little need for complex organisational structures. Continuously moving across the landscape with tenuous attachment to the land u…

article 1 Apr 1999

Joint Venture, or 100% Foreign-Owned?

> First published in OzIndo Vol 5 No 1, magazine of the Australia-Indonesia Business Council Joint ventures (JVs) have long been the working foundation upon which foreign investment has entered many developing countries. In fact, in many countries JV…

essay 1 Apr 1999

The Development of Australian Foreign Policy

It only been these past few decades that Australia has begun to pursue a relatively independent foreign policy, from under the shadows Britain and the US. Australia's unique historical circumstances have led to the development of a certain set of att…

essay 1 May 1999

Security and Australia's involvement in the world

Australians have always felt uncertain about their place in the world. As a transplanted, predominantly European, society situated within Asia, Australians have always felt a sense of threat from the north. Profound differences with the nations of Ea…

article 1 Jun 1999

Javanese Santri Islam

Same, but very different

The Western aversion and distrust towards Islam runs deep, in contrast to how 'friendlier' religions such as Buddhism, Confucianism and Hinduism are often considered.[1] Even Westerners better informed about Islam can have their concerns, so it is pr…

essay 1 Sep 1999

Indonesia's Economic Development

in comparison to South Korea and Taiwan

The rapid pace of economic development in East Asia over the past few decades has awed the world. This is particularly so for the so-called Newly Industrialising Countries (NICs) which include South Korea and Taiwan, together with the city-states of …

essay 1 Oct 1999

East Asia and the Roots of the Economic Crisis

From a Western perspective

The past two decades or so has witnessed the increasing dominance of neoliberal perspectives within international political, social and economic thinking. This has particularly been the case since the end of the Cold War, which seems to have triggere…

essay 1 Nov 1999

The New Order State and the Tempo Affair

A conflict of values

The sun began to set upon Indonesia's corporatist 'New Order' state starting in the early 1990's. Speculation about the presidential succession was rife, mainly due to President Soeharto's increasing age and frailty, and such speculation was especial…

essay 1 Apr 2000

The role of FDI in the development of Singapore

A model development path?

The rapid economic development of the NIEs (Hongkong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) over the past three decades has necessitated the utilisation of external resources, principally foreign capital.[1] Without such resources, industrialisation an…

essay 1 Apr 2000

The Myth of the Jakarta Lobby

Brian Toohey's article, "Time to rout the Jakarta Lobby", was published in The West Australian on 27 September 1999, just four weeks after the East Timorese autonomy plebiscite. During this period East Timor was in the process of being laid waste by …

essay 1 Jun 2000

Ethno-Religious Conflict in Maluku

A manufactured war

> "Tragically again, of the approximately 20 Christians who were killed [by Muslims] in the village of Benteng Karang, 15 of them were them were burnt alive. One of them was Mrs Rina Serpiela, a six-month pregnant woman who was killed by having her b…

essay 1 Jun 2000

Australia's Place and Influence in Asia

Since the very beginning of a notion called 'Australia' some 200 years ago the European occupiers of this continent have rarely felt at peace with its geography. As a transplanted, predominantly European, society situated within Asia,[1] far from the…

essay 1 May 2001

Culture Matters in Indonesia

An email exchange with Dennis De Tray, Indonesia country director, World Bank 1997-1999

> The views contained within this article are entirely my own and do not necessarily reflect past or present opinions or policies of any other person or organisation. Culture really matters when doing business, especially in Indonesia. An understandi…

article 1 Jul 2001

Doing Business in Indonesia

From a Western Perspective

NOTE: This article has been completely updated. See Doing Business in Indonesia 2026. > This is a modified version of a report commissioned by the East Asia Analytical Unit of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in July 2000, as pa…

music 2 Jun 2002

dikotomi

digital music experiments from 2002

dikotomi is a collection of atmospheric midi music, best experienced whilst sailing through the open air in a solar-powered airship, at moderate altitude, under a clear, high sky, and with no particular destination. synthesized over a period of month…

essay 1 Jan 2003

An Ungrateful Australian

On Tuesday, 17 December 2002, BM wrote: > I think, on balance, that if I am to be ruled, I would much rather be ruled by complete fucking moron civilians than by clever army generals, or religious fanatics for that matter. > A friend, who had been a …

essay 1 Dec 2003

Indonesian Land Law and Foreign Ownership of Land

Indonesian Land Law is quite different to the laws that apply in most Western or developed countries. Foreigners wishing to use or purchase land for whatever purpose need to be aware of these differences and not assume that legal conventions that app…

article 1 Mar 2013

Meet Gary Dean

A Jakarta Expat interview with Gary Dean

Parts of this interview were published in Jakarta Expat, March 2013 Jakarta Expat: So Gary, where do you come from, where did you grow up? Gary Dean: I was born in Perth, Western Australia in the pre-Sputnik era. I grew up in the northern suburbs of …

article 14 Aug 2014

Gary Dean

From the West, Northward to the East

I was born and raised in Perth, Western Australia, in the pre-Sputnik era, and brought up in a mono-cultural English/British suburban environment. I am a Gemini and a Rooster. My MBTI is INFJ, my blood type B-, and I’m an Aspie. Here’s a snapshot of …

video 19 Dec 2014

Circumcision Celebration for Rama Dean

This is a video of a circumcision celebration for my son Rama Dean, which took place on 19 December 2014 at Graha Okusi, Jakarta, Indonesia.

video 30 Sep 2016

Beringharjo Traditional Market, Yogyakarta

a way of trading that will soon disappear

A walk through the Beringharjo traditional market on Jalan Malioboro in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, using a chest height POV camera.

essay 18 Oct 2016

Escape at 14

A nothing story

I was 14, a quiet boy living in an outer suburb of a small and isolated city called Perth1, in a large and remote state called Western Australia, in a large and isolated continent called Australia. The Perth of that time considered itself a bastion o…

video 23 Dec 2017

2017: a return to kyoto

this is a video from a point-of-view perspective that i took while walking around the kyoto imperial palace grounds. it was during a solo visit to japan at the end of 2017. it was cold and snowing. i had visited japan in the [northern hemisphere] spr…

essay 26 Dec 2018

Where is my compassion?

Reflections 14 years after the Asian Tsunami

In 2004 and 2005, in addition to running my consultancy firm, I also moonlighted – quite literally – as a copy editor at The Jakarta Post. This meant my work day averaged 16 hours at that time. I totally didn’t need this additional workload, but it w…

article 30 May 2020

Indonesia 2020: Consolidate, and Respond

An open letter to my friends and clients in Indonesia.

The global economy has taken a blow, with volatility in exchange rates and commodity prices and mass unemployment. National monetary authorities have adjusted their predictions for economic growth in 2020-2021, with negative growth expected in 2020 a…

article 2 Sep 2024

Defining Dharma

ways, paths, cultures, outlooks

## The Etymology of 'Dharma' The word dharma is one of the most enduring and multifaceted terms in human thought, with deep roots in ancient Indian languages and cultures. While it is often associated with religious or spiritual traditions, its etymo…

note 5 Sep 2024

Bizarre YouTube Censorship

wtf? SRSLY? :facepalm:

Some friends and I have a YouTube channel called 'a secular dharma?'. This channel has long -- often boring -- discussions about the nature and definition of dharma, and about life in general. In Sept 2024, YouTube removed a video entitled "Metaphysi…

article 7 Dec 2024 by ProSocial Knowledgebase

Applied Anthropology

Bridging Theory and Practice for Real-World Impact

Applied anthropology is the practical application of anthropological methods, theories, and insights to address real-world challenges. It serves as a bridge between academic anthropology and actionable solutions, engaging with contemporary social, cu…

essay 8 Mar 2026 by Aisya Dean

Intergenerational Communication at Okusi Associates

A Case Study of Collaboration Across Departments Between Gen Y and Gen Z

## Abstract > This research examines intergenerational communication and collaboration between Gen Y (born 1981-1996) and Gen Z (born 1997-2012) employees at Okusi Associates, a management and consultancy firm in Central Jakarta, which has several de…

article 13 Mar 2026

Nominee Land Ownership in Bali

The Law Finally Catches Up

The Chief Justice of the Indonesian Supreme Court, I Gusti Agung Sumanatha, recently described the practice of foreigners buying land through nominee arrangements as a "circumvention of the law" (penyelundupan hukum / fraus legis). The Governor of Ba…

article 22 Mar 2026

Doing Business in Indonesia 2026

Looking Back After 25 Years

In July 2001, I wrote an essay on doing business in Indonesia. It was commissioned by the East Asia Analytical Unit of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, as part of a book entitled Indonesia: Facing the Challenge. At the time, In…

article 31 Mar 2026

Digital Sovereignty

It's Time for Indonesia to Act

Last week, a coalition of European tech companies held a press conference in Berlin and announced a new office suite called Euro-Office. Documents, spreadsheets, presentations -- standard productivity software. Except this wasn't a product launch. It…

article 31 Mar 2026

Kedaulatan Digital

Sudah Saatnya Indonesia Bertindak

Minggu lalu, sebuah koalisi perusahaan teknologi Eropa mengadakan konferensi pers di Berlin dan mengumumkan paket aplikasi perkantoran baru bernama Euro-Office. Dokumen, spreadsheet, presentasi -- perangkat lunak produktivitas standar. Tapi ini bukan…

essay 2 Jun 2026

Getting Serious about Bash

A Rant

> `Bash` is the fifth most-used programming language in the world, and the one that most programmers refuse to take seriously. This must change. --- Nearly half the developers on Earth write Bash. Almost all of them write it badly. I mean, really bad…

essay 2 Jun 2026

Oxytocin and Human Tribalism

Oxytocin is sold to the public as the 'love hormone'. That label is marketing, not mechanism, and it has done more to obstruct the study of human group behaviour than any rival error of the past two decades. A more defensible description is that oxyt…

essay 7 Jul 2026

LLMs and the Linguistic Semiotic Key

What the machines found in our language, and why it ought to unsettle us

Some time ago, in a recorded conversation about AI alignment with a few friends, I reached for a phrase I have not been able to put down since. We had been listening to the LLM GPT-4 explain, in a synthetic voice, the problem of emergence: the way ca…

essay 1 Aug 2026 by Biksu Okusi

0: In Search of Dharma

Preface

> This book was assembled in an unusual way, by an unlikely person, in an unlikely place. So before starting, you are owed an open account of all three; not as credentials, but as disclosures: where the work comes from, who helped make it, and, most …

essay 1 Aug 2026 by Biksu Okusi

1: In Search of Dharma

Defining Dharma

> Dharma: A word almost no one can define without a lot of hand-waving, and almost everyone uses anyway. At its root, it means something very plain, "to hold"; the interesting thing is how far this plain idea reaches. The word is everywhere, once you…

essay 1 Aug 2026 by Biksu Okusi

2: In Search of Dharma

The Genesis of Dharmas

> Why does every society grow a dharma, and why did so many of the greatest ones appear, in different worlds, at almost the same moment? It starts with a problem that arrives the day your village gets too big to know. Picture two human worlds, separa…

essay 1 Aug 2026 by Biksu Okusi

3: In Search of Dharma

The Dharmas of the Samin of Java

> An illiterate farmer, a fenced-off forest, and a way of living so complete it outlasted its maker by a hundred years. What a Javanese peasant movement can show us that the great religions no longer easily can. Sometime in the first years of the twe…

essay 1 Aug 2026 by Biksu Okusi

4: In Search of Dharma

A World of Dharmas

> A relational web, a rational fortress, a sung land, an open hand, a commanding covenant: five ways of living that disagree about almost everything, and rhyme underneath. Including, if you have the nerve to look, your own. Picture five people, in fi…

essay 1 Aug 2026 by Biksu Okusi

5: In Search of Dharma

How a Dharma Gets Under Your Skin

> Why does a dharma feel, from the inside, not like a belief you hold but like reality itself? Because it was never installed as a belief. It was grooved into your gut, your habits, and the wiring of your brain, below the reach of the part of you tha…

essay 1 Aug 2026 by Biksu Okusi

6: In Search of Dharma

When Dharmas Go Wrong

> Every failure of a dharma turns out to be the dark twin of a strength. The bond that holds a group together is the fence that shuts others out; the authority that can free people is the authority that can rule them; the practice that liberates is t…

essay 1 Aug 2026 by Biksu Okusi

7: In Search of Dharma

Dharmas in a Secular Age

> Hundreds of millions of people now say they are "spiritual but not religious." That is not the absence of a dharma. It is the search for one, carried out by people who have lost the old foundations but kept the old need. There is a kind of person n…

essay 1 Aug 2026 by Biksu Okusi

8: In Search of Dharma

Creating Dharmas

> We have always created our dharmas and told ourselves we found them. What becomes possible, and what becomes dangerous, once we admit it and start building on purpose? A woman sits on a cushion in a small flat in a large city. A handbook of Stoic s…

essay 1 Aug 2026 by Biksu Okusi

9: In Search of Dharma

Coda

> Eight parts of searching have earned one plain definition and two tests. So here they are, stated rather than argued: what a dharma is, and how to tell the better ones ... A dharma is a way of living that tells a person or group how to act, what to…

article 5 Aug 2026

"Meet Me at the Starbucks That Was Bombed"

The Thamrin attack from twelve storeys up -- Jakarta, 14 January 2016

At about half past nine on the morning of Thursday 14 January 2016 I bought a coffee at the Starbucks on the ground floor of my building. I did this every working morning. Religiously, I used to say. An hour later a man walked into that Starbucks and…